[FAQ] What is Liraglutide?

[AndyG]

Liraglutide is a medication primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the GLP-1 hormone to help control blood sugar levels and manage weight.

Mechanism of Action:

• GLP-1 Receptor Agonism: Liraglutide enhances the secretion of insulin in response to meals, suppresses the release of glucagon (a hormone that increases blood glucose levels), slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety (feeling of fullness). These actions help to lower blood glucose levels and reduce body weight.

Indications:

• Type 2 Diabetes: Liraglutide is used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes, often in conjunction with diet and exercise. It is marketed under the brand name Victoza.
• Obesity and Weight Management: Liraglutide is also approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight conditions who have at least one weight-related condition, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia. It is marketed under the brand name Saxenda.

Administration:

• Liraglutide is administered as a once-daily subcutaneous injection.

Efficacy:

• Type 2 Diabetes: Liraglutide has been shown to significantly lower HbA1c levels (a measure of long-term blood glucose control).
• Weight Loss: Clinical studies have demonstrated that liraglutide can lead to significant weight loss when used as part of a comprehensive weight management program, including diet and exercise.

Side Effects:

• Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. These side effects are often more pronounced when starting the medication but may decrease over time.
• Serious side effects can include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) and a potential increased risk of thyroid tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Therefore, liraglutide is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of MTC or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).

Other Benefits:

• Liraglutide has also been shown to have cardiovascular benefits. In the LEADER trial, it was found to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.

Liraglutide represents a valuable therapeutic option for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, offering benefits in blood glucose control and weight reduction, along with potential cardiovascular protection.